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Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube

Tags : UNS N04400 Nickel Alloy Tubes , 310S Stainless Steel Pipe , Bimetal Composite Pipes

UNS N04400 Nickel-Copper Alloy Seamless Tubes for Seawater, Brine, Hydrofluoric Acid, and High-Velocity Heat Transfer Applications

High-Performance Alloy 400 (Monel) Heat Exchanger Tubes for Marine Engineering, Hydrofluoric Acid Service, Chemical Processing, and High-Velocity Seawater Applications

Womic Steel manufactures premium Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes, conforming to ASTM B163 / ASME SB163 and ASTM B165 standards. Our UNS N04400 nickel-copper alloy heat exchanger tubes provide exceptional resistance to seawater corrosion, outstanding resistance to hydrofluoric acid (HF), excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments, and superior erosion resistance at high velocities. With a unique combination of high nickel (≥63%) and copper (28–34%), Alloy 400 offers outstanding performance in marine engineering, seawater cooling, hydrofluoric acid processing, alkylation units, brine service, and chemical processing where other materials suffer from localized corrosion or erosion. It is the material of choice for shell-and-tube heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators, seawater coolers, HF alkylation heat exchangers, and high-velocity brine heaters.

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Key Features of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube

Exceptional Seawater Corrosion Resistance:

Alloy 400 has outstanding resistance to seawater corrosion, particularly at high velocities where copper alloys and stainless steels fail due to erosion or impingement attack. It is immune to stress corrosion cracking in seawater.

Superior Resistance to Hydrofluoric Acid (HF):

Alloy 400 is the premier material for handling hydrofluoric acid (HF) across a wide range of concentrations and temperatures, making it the standard material for HF alkylation heat exchangers in refineries.

Excellent Erosion and Impingement Resistance:

Alloy 400 has outstanding resistance to erosion and impingement attack in high-velocity seawater and brine service (up to 10 m/s or 33 ft/s), significantly outperforming copper-nickel alloys and stainless steels.

Good Resistance to Reducing Acids:

Excellent performance in deaerated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids, particularly in the absence of oxidizing agents.

Excellent Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance:

High nickel content (≥63%) provides outstanding resistance to chloride-induced SCC, outperforming all austenitic stainless steel grades.

Good High-Temperature Strength:

Maintains excellent mechanical properties up to 400°C (752°F) in non-oxidizing environments.

Excellent Resistance to Biofouling:

Alloy 400 resists marine biofouling, reducing maintenance requirements and maintaining heat transfer efficiency.

Good Heat Transfer Efficiency:

Thermal conductivity higher than most nickel alloys, providing efficient heat transfer in heat exchanger service.

Good Weldability:

Nickel-copper alloy offers good weldability with matching filler metals (ERNiCu-7). Weld zones retain corrosion resistance comparable to the base metal.

Good Fabricability:

Excellent formability and ductility for tube expansion, rolling, and U-bending.

Precision Dimensional Accuracy:

Strict tolerances on outside diameter (OD), wall thickness, and concentricity ensure proper fitment in tube sheets.

International Certification:

Tubes can be certified by ABS, BV, DNV, LR, GL, RINA, CCS, KR, and NK, and comply with ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII and NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 (limited sour service) standards.

Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube Related International Standards and Grades

The Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes produced by Womic Steel conform to multiple international specifications used in marine, chemical, and heat transfer equipment:

Standard	Description	Equivalent Grade / Material Number
ASTM B163 / ASME SB163	Seamless nickel and nickel alloy condenser and heat exchanger tubes	UNS N04400 (Alloy 400)
ASTM B165 / ASME SB165	Seamless nickel-copper alloy pipe and tube	UNS N04400
ASTM B725	Welded nickel-copper alloy tube	UNS N04400
EN 10216-5	Seamless stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes (nickel alloy section)	2.4360 (NiCu30Fe)
DIN 17751	Nickel alloy tubes	NiCu30Fe (2.4360)
ISO 6207	Nickel alloy seamless tubes	NiCu30Fe
ASME Section II	Boiler and pressure vessel code	SB163 N04400
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156	Sour service compliance (limited conditions)	Alloy 400

These standards ensure that Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes meet global requirements for chemical composition, mechanical performance, dimensional accuracy, hydrostatic testing, and non-destructive examination.

Commonly Used Heat Exchanger Tube Grades & Standards Produced by Womic Steel

Different specifications can be customized according to special requirements.

Execution Standard	Main Standard	Standard Grade
ASTM (USA)	ASTM B163, B165, B338, B423, B444, A213	Alloy 400, Alloy 600, Alloy 625, Alloy 825, Alloy C276, Grade 2 Titanium, TP304/L, TP316/L
ASME (USA)	SB163, SB165, SB338, SB423, SB444, SA213	Alloy 400, Alloy 600, Alloy 625, Alloy 825, Grade 2 Titanium
EN / DIN (Europe)	EN 10216-5, EN 10217-7	2.4360 (Alloy 400), 2.4816 (Alloy 600), 2.4856 (Alloy 625), 2.4858 (Alloy 825), 2.4819 (Alloy C276)
ISO (International)	ISO 6207, ISO 9329-4	NiCu30Fe (Alloy 400), NiCr22Mo9Nb (Alloy 625), NiCr21Mo (Alloy 825)

Chemical Composition of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube (UNS N04400)

Element	Ni	Cu	Fe	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Others
Alloy 400	≥63.0	28.0–34.0	≤2.5	≤0.30	≤2.0	≤0.024	≤0.024	≤0.50	—

Note: Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) is a nickel-copper alloy with high nickel (≥63%) and copper (28–34%) content. Compared to other heat exchanger tube materials for seawater and high-velocity service:

Property	CuNi 90/10	316L Stainless	Ti Grade 2	Alloy 400
Nickel (%)	10	10–14	—	≥63
Copper (%)	90	—	—	28–34
Seawater Erosion Resistance	Poor	Good	Excellent	Excellent
HF Acid Resistance	Poor	Poor	Poor	Excellent
Maximum Seawater Velocity (m/s)	3	5	20	10
Chloride SCC Resistance	Poor	Poor	Excellent	Excellent
Biofouling Resistance	Poor	Fair	Excellent	Good

Comparison of Alloy 400 vs Other Nickel Alloys for Heat Exchanger Service:

Property	Alloy 400	Alloy 600	Alloy 825	Alloy 625
Nickel (%)	≥63	≥72	38–46	≥58
Copper (%)	28–34	—	1.5–3.0	—
HF Acid Resistance	Excellent	Poor	Poor	Poor
Seawater Erosion Resistance	Excellent	Good	Good	Excellent
High-Temperature Strength	Good	Excellent	Good	Excellent
Cost	Medium-High	High	Very High	Premium

Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube Mechanical Properties and Heat Treatment Requirements

The Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube offers excellent mechanical properties for demanding heat transfer applications.

Property	Unit	Alloy 400 (Annealed)
Tensile Strength (min)	MPa	≥480
Yield Strength (0.2% offset, min)	MPa	≥170
Elongation (min)	%	≥35
Hardness (typical)	HRB	≤80
Density	g/cm³	8.80
Melting Range	°C	1300–1350
Thermal Conductivity (20°C)	W/m·K	21.8
Thermal Conductivity (100°C)	W/m·K	23.0
Thermal Conductivity (400°C)	W/m·K	28.0
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20–100°C)	μm/m·K	13.9
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20–400°C)	μm/m·K	15.0
Specific Heat Capacity (20°C)	J/kg·K	430
Electrical Resistivity (20°C)	μΩ·m	0.55
Modulus of Elasticity (20°C)	GPa	179

High-Temperature Tensile Properties (Typical Values) :

Temperature (°C)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Yield Strength (MPa)
20	500–600	200–280
100	480–580	180–260
200	460–560	170–250
300	440–540	160–240
400	420–500	150–220
500	380–460	130–200

Maximum Recommended Service Temperatures:

Service Type	Maximum Temperature
Continuous Service (Seawater/Brine)	260°C (500°F)
Continuous Service (HF Acid)	150°C (302°F)
Continuous Service (Reducing Environment)	400°C (752°F)
Intermittent Service	450°C (842°F)
Minimum Service Temperature	-196°C (-321°F)

Critical Note: Alloy 400 is not recommended for service in oxidizing acids (e.g., nitric acid) as it will experience rapid attack. It should also not be used in sulfur-containing environments at high temperatures due to susceptibility to sulfur attack.

Heat Treatment Condition:
Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes are normally supplied in the annealed condition (heat treated at 700–800°C) followed by air cooling. This heat treatment

Relieves internal stresses from cold drawing or cold pilgering.

Restores optimum ductility and corrosion resistance.

Ensures a stable microstructure for service.

Delivery Condition:
Tubes are normally supplied in annealed and pickled condition, providing a clean, smooth surface and excellent corrosion resistance. Upon request, bright annealed (BA) finish can be provided for applications requiring ultra-clean internal surfaces.

Manufacturing Process of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube (Seamless)

Womic Steel adopts advanced production technology to ensure each Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube meets exact specifications with flawless surface quality and precise dimensional accuracy.

· Raw Material Selection: High-quality Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) nickel-copper alloy billets from certified premium mills (Special Metals, VDM Metals) with certified chemical composition (Ni ≥63%, Cu 28–34% verification) and traceability.

· Heating and Piercing: Billets heated to a controlled temperature and pierced using a rotary piercing mill to form hollow shells.

· Hot Rolling: Shells elongated and rolled to desired intermediate size with strict temperature control.

· Cold Drawing / Cold Pilgering: Tubes refined to precise dimensions with improved surface finish. Multiple passes with intermediate annealing required due to work hardening.

· Annealing: Heat treatment at 700–800°C to relieve stresses and restore ductility. Performed in controlled atmosphere furnaces for bright annealed finish.

· Pickling & Passivation: Removal of oxides using specialized pickling acids optimized for nickel-copper alloys; thorough rinsing required.

· Straightening and Dimensional Calibration: Ensures consistent roundness, straightness, and wall uniformity. Special attention to OD tolerance for tube sheet fitment.

· Cutting and End Finishing: Tubes cut to precise lengths with square ends, deburred, and prepared for tube sheet insertion.

· Final Inspection & Marking: Each tube tested, marked with grade, heat number, standard, and tube dimensions before packing.

This process guarantees a smooth internal bore, high structural integrity, precise dimensional accuracy, and exceptional corrosion resistance across all batches of Womic Steel’s Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes.

Manufacturing Process of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube (Welded)

Womic Steel utilizes state-of-the-art manufacturing technology to ensure every Welded Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube meets precise specifications and delivers excellent surface quality and performance.

1. Raw Material Selection: High-quality Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) nickel-copper alloy strips/coils from certified premium mills with full traceability.

2. Slitting & Uncoiling: Precision slitting to required width; edge preparation to ensure clean, burr-free edges for welding.

3. Forming & Welding: The strip is progressively formed into a cylindrical shape. The edges are welded using advanced TIG or Plasma welding with:

4. Strict heat input control

5. Shielding gas: Argon

6. Matching filler metal: ERNiCu-7 (Alloy 400 filler) for optimal weld properties

7. Back purge with argon to protect weld root

8. Weld Seam Treatment: External weld bead removal to achieve smooth surface flush with base metal. Internal bead may be controlled or removed.

9. Annealing: Full heat treatment of the entire welded tube at 700–800°C followed by air cooling – essential for relieving weld stresses.

10.Sizing & Calibration: The tube is passed through a sizing mill to achieve final precise OD and roundness.

11.Straightening: The tube is straightened to ensure optimal linearity for tube sheet insertion.

12.Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) : Weld seam inspected using Eddy Current Testing (ECT) or Ultrasonic Testing (UT). 100% of tube length tested.

13.Hydrostatic Testing: Each tube pressure tested to verify leak-tight integrity.

14.Final Inspection & Marking: Complete dimensional check, visual inspection, and traceable marking.

This controlled process guarantees a sound weld seam, excellent dimensional accuracy, smooth internal surface, and superior corrosion resistance for every batch of Womic Steel’s Welded Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes.

Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube Dimensions and Tolerances

1. Outside Diameter (OD) : 6.0mm – 114.3mm (1/4″ – 4″)

2. Common sizes: 9.53mm (3/8″), 12.70mm (1/2″), 15.88mm (5/8″), 19.05mm (3/4″), 25.40mm (1″), 31.80mm (1-1/4″), 38.10mm (1-1/2″), 44.50mm (1-3/4″), 50.80mm (2″

3. Wall Thickness (WT) : 0.5mm – 5.0mm (BWG 10 – BWG 22)

4. Common BWG gauges: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18

5. Length: Up to 30m (straight lengths); U-bent tubes available per customer drawing

6. OD Tolerances:

7. Standard: ±0.10mm

8. Precision: ±0.05mm (upon request)

9. Wall Thickness Tolerances:

10. Standard: ±10% of nominal

11. Precision: ±8% of nominal (upon request)

12.Straightness: 0.5mm per 1000mm length typical, tighter upon request

13.Surface Roughness (Internal)

14. Standard: Ra ≤ 0.8μm

15. Bright Annealed: Ra ≤ 0.4μm (upon request)

ANSI B 36.19/ANSI B36.10 DIMENSIONS OF SEAMLESS &WELDED STAINLESS STEEL PIPE
Nominalsize		mm	ANSIB36.19				ANSIB36.10ANSIB36.10
DN	NPS	mm	5S	10S	40S	80S	10	20	30	STD	40	60	XS	80	100	120	140	160XXS
6	1/8"	10.29		1.24	1.73	2.41				1.73	1.73		2.41	2.41
8	1/4"	13.72		1.65	2.24	3.02				2.24	2.24		3.02	3.02
10	3/8"	17.15		1.65	2.31	3.20				2.31	2.31		3.20	3.20
15	1/2"	21.34	1.65	2.11	2.77	3.73				2.77	2.77		3.73	3.73				4.78	7.47
20	3/4"	26.67	1.65	2.11	2.87	3.91				2.87	2.87		3.91	3.91				5.56	7.82
25	1"	33.4	1.65	2.77	3.38	4.55				3.38	3.38		4.55	4.55				6.35	9.09
32	1 1/4"	42.16	1.65	2.77	3.56	4.85				3.56	3.56		4.85	4.85				6.35	9.70
40	1 1/2"	48.26	1.65	2.77	3.68	5.08				3.68	3.68		5.08	5.08				7.14	10.16
50	2"	60.33	1.65	2.77	3.91	5.54				3.91	3.91		5.54	5.54				8.74	11.07
65	2 1/2"	73.03	2.11	3.05	5.16	7.01				5.16	5.16		7.01	7.01				9.52	14.02
80	3"	88.9	2.11	3.05	5.49	7.62				5.49	5.49		7.62	7.62				11.13	15.24
90	3 1/2"	101.6	2.11	3.05	5.74	8.08				5.74	5.74		8.08	8.08
100	4"	114.3	2.11	3.05	6.02	8.56				6.02	6.02		8.56	8.56		11.13		13.50	17.12
125	5”	141.3	2.77	3.40	6.55	9.52				6.55	6.55		9.52	9.52		12.70		15.90	19.05
150	6"	168.28	2.77	3.40	7.11	10.97				7.11	7.11		10.97	10.97		14.30		18.20	21.95
200	8"	219.08	2.77	3.76	8.18	12.70		6.35	7.04	8.18	8.18	10.30	12.70	12.70	15.10	18.20	20.60	23.00	22.22
250	10"	273.05	3.40	4.19	9.27	12.70		6.35	7.80	9.27	9.27	12.70	12.70	15.09	18.26	21.44	25.40	28.58
300	12"	323.85	3.96	4.57	9.52	12.70		6.35	8.38	9.52	10.31	14.27	12.70	17.48	21.44	25.40	28.58	33.32
350	14"	355.6	3.98	4.78			6.35	7.92	9.52	9.52	11.13	15.09	12.70	19.05	23.83	27.79	31.75	35.71
400	16"	406.4	4.19	4.78			6.35	7.92	9.52	9.52	12.70	16.66	12.70	21.44	26.19	30.96	36.53	40.49
450	18"	459.2	4.19	4.78			6.35	7.92	11.13	9.52	14.27	19.05	12.70	23.83	29.36	34.92	39.67	45.24
500	20"	508	4.77	5.53			6.35	9.52	12.70	9.52	15.09	20.62	12.70	26.19	32.54	38.10	44.45	50.01
550	22"	558.8	4.77	5.53			6.35	9.52	12.70	9.52	15.87	22.22	12.70	28.57	34.92	41.27	47.62	53.97
600	24"	609.6	5.54	6.35			6.35	9.52	14.70	9.52	17.48	24.61	12.70	30.96	38.89	46.02	52.37	59.94
650	26"	660.4					7.92	12.70		9.52			12.70
700	28"	711.2					7.92	12.70	15.88	9.52			12.70
750	30"	762	6.35	7.92			7.92	12.70	15.88	9.52			12.70
800	32"	812.8					7.92	12.70	15.88	9.52			12.70

Surface Conditions of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube

Womic Steel offers a range of surface finishes for Alloy 400 heat exchanger tubes, each suited to specific applications.

Surface Type	Description	Typical Applications
Annealed & Pickled (AP Finish)	Standard industrial finish – matte, oxide-free after acid treatment.	Seawater coolers, brine heaters, HF alkylation.
Bright Annealed (BA Finish)	Clean, bright surface obtained through controlled atmosphere annealing.	High-purity applications, pharmaceutical.
Polished Finish (180#, 240#, 320#)	Smooth mechanical finish, reduced surface roughness.	Reduced fouling applications.
Passivated Finish	Surface chemically treated to enhance the protective passive film.	Critical corrosion service.

Each Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube surface is inspected for uniform appearance, absence of pits, scratches, and consistent finish quality. Internal surface roughness (Ra) can be certified upon request.

Testing and Inspection of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube

Every Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube undergoes comprehensive inspection in accordance with ASTM B163 and EN 10216-5 standards:

Test / Inspection	Description	Applicability
Visual & Dimensional Inspection	Surface finish, OD, WT, length, roundness, straightness checked.	100%
Hydrostatic Pressure Test	100% tested for leakage and pressure resistance.	100%
Pneumatic Pressure Test	Air pressure test under water for leak detection (optional).	Upon request
Eddy Current Test (ECT)	Detects surface and sub-surface imperfections.	100%
Ultrasonic Test (UT)	Ensures internal integrity of tube wall.	Upon request
Positive Material Identification (PMI)	Confirms correct chemical grade (Ni ≥63%, Cu 28–34% verification).	100% (per heat)
Flattening Test	Evaluates ductility and deformation capability.	Per heat / batch
Flaring Test	Evaluates ability to expand without cracking.	Per heat / batch
Hardness Testing	Rockwell B (HRB) – confirms mechanical compliance.	Per heat / batch
Tensile Testing	Confirms ≥480 MPa UTS and ≥170 MPa yield strength.	Per heat / batch
Surface Roughness Check (Ra)	For polished or BA tubes – profilometer measurement.	Upon request
Third-Party Inspection	SGS / BV / DNV / TUV / LR – witnessed testing.	Upon customer request

These extensive tests ensure that every Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube from Womic Steel meets the highest international standards for reliability, corrosion resistance, and longevity.

Applications of Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube

Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tubes are specified for demanding applications requiring exceptional seawater erosion resistance and hydrofluoric acid resistance:

Industry	Typical Applications
Marine Engineering	Seawater-cooled condensers, central coolers, engine cooling systems, hydraulic oil coolers, ballast water heat exchangers, high-velocity seawater systems (ship classification certifications available from ABS, BV, DNV, LR, GL, RINA, CCS, KR, NK).
Petrochemical & Refining	HF alkylation heat exchangers, hydrofluoric acid coolers and heaters, alkylate coolers, propane-propylene splitters.
Chemical Processing	Brine heaters, brine coolers, chlor-alkali heat exchangers, salt evaporators, sulfuric acid coolers (deaerated), phosphoric acid heat exchangers.
Desalination Plants	Brine heaters, brine preheaters, multi-stage flash (MSF) evaporators, high-velocity brine systems.
Offshore Platforms	Seawater coolers, topside heat exchangers, firewater system heat exchangers.
Power Generation	Coastal power plant condensers, cooling water heat exchangers, auxiliary coolers.
Hydrofluoric Acid Service	HF storage and transport heat exchangers, fluorochemical production, fluorine-containing process streams.
Pulp & Paper	Black liquor evaporators, digester heat exchangers, recovery boiler heat exchangers.
Chlorine Production	Brine heaters, evaporators, caustic service heat exchangers.
Shipbuilding	Seawater cooling systems, high-velocity seawater heat exchangers, marine sanitary systems.

Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube Packing, Delivery, and Womic Steel’s Transportation Advantage

Each Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube is packed with care due to the high value and critical nature of these premium products.

Packaging Options:

Packaging Type	Description	Suitable For
Bundle Packing (Hexagonal)	Hexagonal bundle with woven fabric wrapping, plastic cap on both ends.	Local truck transport.
Bundle Packing (Square)	Square bundle with steel straps, plastic end caps, moisture barrier paper.	Export sea-worthy transport.
Wooden Crate Packing	Wooden crates with foam padding, individual tube separation, plastic end caps. Recommended for Alloy 400.	High-value tubes, BA finish, long-length tubes.
Steel Crate Packing	Reinforced steel crates with internal padding.	Heavy-wall tubes, multiple-bundle consolidation.
U-Bend Tube Packing	Custom wooden crates with support saddles to maintain bend radius.	U-bent heat exchanger tubes.

Standard Packaging Details:

· End Protection: Plastic caps on both ends for all tubes

· Moisture Protection: VCI paper and moisture barrier wrapping for sea freight

· Padding: Foam padding between tube layers in crates

· Labeling: Grade, heat number, standard, dimensions, PO number

· Documentation: Packing list, material test reports (MTR), inspection certificates

Womic Steel’s Shipping and Delivery Strengths for Heat Exchanger Tubes:

Direct cooperation with global shipowners ensures the most competitive freight rates.

Professional loading and securing teams – special care for tube bundles to prevent bending, scratching, and end damage.

Efficient document preparation – EN 10204 3.1/3.2 certificates, MTR, PMI reports – minimizing customs delays.

Rapid delivery time – select sizes of Alloy 400 maintained in ready stock.

Continuous cargo tracking and after-sales follow-up to ensure smooth arrival at destination.

Custom length cutting available upon request – up to 30m straight lengths.

U-bend tube fabrication – custom bending per customer drawing with full heat treatment after bending.

Why Choose Womic Steel’s Alloy 400 Heat Exchanger Tube

Womic Steel is a trusted manufacturer and exporter specializing in nickel-copper alloy heat exchanger tubes, committed to delivering premium quality and professional service for marine and chemical heat transfer applications.

1. Strict quality control under ISO 9001, PED 2014/68/EU, and ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code certification.

2. Nickel-copper alloy expertise – specialized knowledge in Alloy 400 manufacturing, heat treatment, and corrosion resistance.

3. Modern production lines – cold pilger mills, TIG welded tube mills, bright annealing furnaces.

4. Complete in-house testing – including PMI, mechanical testing, and dimensional inspection.

5. Exceptional seawater erosion resistance – outstanding performance at velocities up to 10 m/s.

6. Premier HF acid resistance – the standard material for hydrofluoric acid heat exchangers.

7. Excellent chloride SCC resistance – immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking.

8. Good thermal conductivity – higher than most nickel alloys.

9. Flexible customization – special OD, WT, length, surface finish (BA, polished), U-bends.

10.Fast production cycle – seamless and welded tube manufacturing with competitive lead times.

11.Reliable global shipping – to all major ports worldwide.

12.Direct mill relationships – competitive pricing for premium nickel-copper products.

13.Wide material range – from stainless steel to Duplex, Super Duplex, titanium, and nickel alloys (400, 600, 625, 825, C276).

Contact Womic Steel

For inquiries, technical support, or to request a quotation for your specific clad pipe requirements, please contact us:

Website: www.womicstainless.com

E‑mail: info@womicstainless.com

Tel / WhatsApp / WeChat:

Victor: +86 15575100681

Jack: +86 18390957568

Womic Steel – Your reliable partner for high‑quality stainless steel seamless pipes, metallurgically bonded clad tubes, and custom solutions for corrosion‑resistant applications.